[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.zambra.cz\/zvuk\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.zambra.cz\/zvuk\/","headline":"Zvuk","name":"Zvuk","description":"Na z\u00e1klad\u011b definice je zvuk &bdquo;mechanick\u00e9 vln\u011bn\u00ed hmotn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (neboli<span class=\"more-button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zambra.cz\/zvuk\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Zvuk<\/span><\/a><\/span>","datePublished":"2019-10-23","dateModified":"2023-06-08","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.zambra.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.zambra.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d2f205e1507a0401c7d467d32c87ccece0f63a45b81075bb691dbe8d4c823787?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d2f205e1507a0401c7d467d32c87ccece0f63a45b81075bb691dbe8d4c823787?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"zambra.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.zambra.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a357070_w3700_t1571731392.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.zambra.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a357070_w3700_t1571731392.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.zambra.cz\/zvuk\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":418,"articleBody":"Na z\u00e1klad\u011b definice je zvuk &bdquo;mechanick\u00e9 vln\u011bn\u00ed hmotn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (neboli molekul)&ldquo;, kter\u00e9 sv\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm na lidsk\u00e9 ucho vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 sluchov\u00fd vjem. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad z&nbsp;okol\u00ed domova \u010di kancel\u00e1\u0159e m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit rozvln\u011bn\u00fd pap\u00edr nebo prav\u00edtko. \u010clov\u011bk sv\u00fdm sluchem rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1 mechanick\u00e9 vlny o frekvenci 16-16&nbsp;000 Hz.\tZvuk se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z t\u00f3n\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou periodick\u00e9, a jejich p\u0159esn\u00e9mu opaku &#8211; \u0161um\u016f. T\u00f3ny nav\u00edc existuj\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 o jedn\u00e9 frekvenci, nebo slo\u017een\u00e9 s&nbsp;v\u00edce rozd\u00edln\u00fdmi frekvencemi. Zvukov\u00e9 vlny se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed sm\u011brem od zdroje rychlost\u00ed dle podm\u00ednek prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi je nap\u0159\u00edklad tlak, teplota a vlhkost, a postupn\u011b zeslabuj\u00ed.\t\tMechanick\u00e9 vln\u011bn\u00ed o frekvenci men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 16 Hz se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 infrazvuk. A naopak, pokud je frekvence v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 16&nbsp;000 Hz, ozna\u010duje se jako ultrazvuk.\tInfrazvuk\t\u010clov\u011bk sice nen\u00ed schopn\u00fd infrazvuk sly\u0161et, ale i tak mu m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zdravotn\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee, jako z\u00e1vrat\u011b nebo dokonce infarkt. N\u011bkter\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, jako kup\u0159\u00edkladu sloni, nosoro\u017eci, hro\u0161i a velryby, infrazvuk vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k&nbsp;dorozum\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Zdrojem infrazvuku mohou b\u00fdt krom\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f t\u0159eba v\u011btrn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, ale i sope\u010dn\u00e1 \u010dinnost.\t\tUltrazvuk\tMechanick\u00e9 ultrazvukov\u00e9 vln\u011bn\u00ed vznik\u00e1 opakovanou deformac\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu (smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm a op\u011btovn\u00fdm rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm), ke kter\u00e9mu je p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bno elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Obdobn\u011b jako infrazvuk, je i ultrazvuk mimo rozp\u011bt\u00ed sly\u0161iteln\u00e9 lidmi. Op\u011bt jsou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 &#8211; jako delf\u00edni, psi \u010di netop\u00fd\u0159i &#8211; schopni ultrazvuk vn\u00edmat a jeho prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm komunikovat.\tV\u00fdznamnou \u00falohu tak\u00e9 hraje p\u0159i tzv. &bdquo;echolokaci&ldquo;. To je metoda vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed a op\u011btovn\u00e9ho zachycen\u00ed odra\u017een\u00e9ho zvuku, kterou vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kytovci a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed savci, slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k&nbsp;m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed a orientaci v prostoru. Lid\u00e9 jsou schopni tuto metodu vyu\u017e\u00edvat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zvan\u00e9ho sonar.\tKrom\u011b echolokace je ultrazvuk mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt v&nbsp;l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed pro sonografii vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a stavby t\u011bla, k&nbsp;jemn\u00e9mu a\u017e velmi jemn\u00e9mu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich tlou\u0161\u0165ky a vnit\u0159n\u00edch vad, desinfekci roztok\u016f \u010di zvlh\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchu.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.7\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Zvuk","item":"https:\/\/www.zambra.cz\/zvuk\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]